Microbial characterization of wild-type Salmonella from Kumasi and their susceptibility to selected herbal preparations/extracts.
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Date
2006-08-24
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Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the level of antibiotic resistance of Salmonella strains isolated from patients suspected to be suffering from salmonellosis in Kumasi. The antibiotics tested included, the first-line antibiotics, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole. Furthermore, the newer generation antibiotics including ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone,and ceftazidime were tested as well. The study also investigated the susceptibility of thewild-type Salmonella strains to "Mist Enterica" (12-in-l), reformulated "Mist Enterica" (5-in -1) and another reformulated "Mist Enterica" (3-in-l), which\are herbal preparations prepared at the Centre for Scientific Research into Plant Medicine (CSRPM), Mampong-Akuapim and used at the Clinic of CSRPM to treat typhoid fever and other Salmonella infections. A total of sixty (60) Salmonella strains were isolated from blood, urine and stool samples in Kumasi. The Salmonella isolates were investigated for drug/multi-drug resistance. It was found that 55 (91.7%) of the Salmonella strains were S. typhi and 5 (8.3%) were S, typhimurium. The study found that 85% of the Salmonella strains (51 out of 60) were resistant to one or more of the antibiotics tested, with 58.3% (35 out of 60) showing multi-drug resistance (resistance to three or more antibiotics).
Two concentrations of the herbal preparations, 20%w/v and 32 %w/v were evaluated. The "Mist Enterica" (12-in-l), 20%w/v and 32%w/v inhibited the growth of 81.7% (49 out of 60) and 95% (57 out of 60) of the wild-type Salmonella respectively. The reformulated "Mist Enterica" (5-in-l), 20%w/v and 32%w/v inhibited the growth of 88% (53 out of 60) and 91.7% (55 out of 60) of the wild-type Salmonella isolates respectively. The reformulated "Mist Enterica" (3-in-l), 20%w/v and 32%w/v inhibited the growth of 86.7% (52 out of 60) and 91.7% (55 out of 60) of the wild-type Salmonella is of the wild-type Salmonella isolates respectively.
The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the three herbal preparations were determined. The "Mist Enterica" (12-in-l) showed an MIC of lOmg/ml, the reformulated "Mist Enterica" (5-inl) showed an MIC of lOmg/ml and the reformulated "Mist Enterica" (3-in-l) showed an MIC of 20mg/ml.
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Submitted to the Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Clinical Microbiology), 2006