Determination of Haematological Reference Ranges in Healthy Adults in Three Regions in Ghana

Abstract

Laboratory results interpretation for diagnostic accuracy and clinical decision-making in this period of evidence-based medicine requires cut-of values or reference ranges that are refective of the geographical area where the individual resides. Several studies have shown signifcant diferences between and within populations, emphasizing the need for population-specifc reference ranges. Tis cross-sectional experimental study sought to establish the haematological reference values in apparently healthy individuals in three regions in Ghana. Study sites included Nkenkaasu, Winneba, and Nadowli in the Ashanti, Central, and Upper West regions of Ghana, respectively. A total of 488 healthy participants were recruited using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (United States National Consensus Committee on Laboratory Standards, NCCLS) Guidance Document C28A2. Medians for haematological parameters were calculated and reference values determined at 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles and compared with Caucasian values adopted by our laboratory as reference ranges and values from other African and Western countries. RBC count, haemoglobin, and haematocrit (HCT) were signifcantly higher in males compared to females. Tere were signifcant intraregional and interregional as well as international variations of haematological reference ranges in the populations studied. We conclude that, for each geographical area, there is a need to establish geography-specifc reference ranges if accurate diagnosis and concise clinical decisions are to be made.