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Title: | Estimation of human health risk associated with the consumption of pesticide-contaminated vegetables from Kumasi, Ghana |
Authors: | Akoto, Osei Gavor, Sandra Appah, Martin K. Apau, Joseph |
Keywords: | Contamination Consumption Health risk Kumasi . Pesticide residue Vegetables |
Issue Date: | Mar-2015 |
Publisher: | Environ Monit Assess |
Citation: | Environ Monit Asses, |
Abstract: | Analysis of pesticides consisting of 12 organophosphates (OPs), 10 organochlorines (OCs), and 6
pyrethroids in vegetables from Kumasi was conducted.
Vegetable samples comprising 20 each of eggplants,
okra, and tomatoes were analyzed. The method involves
solvent extraction of pesticide residues followed by
cleanup using silica gel. Residue analysis was carried
out using a GC equipped with pulsed flame photometric
detector for OP residues and electron capture detector
for OC and pyrethroid residues. The results revealed that
methamidophos exceeded the maximum residue limits
(MRLs) in all vegetable commodities. Levels of malathion and dimethoate also exceeded the MRLs in eggplant and tomato samples. Endrin, α-endosulfan, γhexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), γ-chlordane, and heptachlor exceeded their MRLs in okra samples whereas
methoxychlor, allethrin, and deltamethrin exceeded in
eggplant samples. Health risk estimation revealed that
dimethoate in tomato and endrin, heptachlor, γ-HCH,
and γ-chlordane in okra could not pose potential toxicity to the consumer. The combined risk index showed no
health risk to consumers due to intake of pyrethroid OC
and OP residue on these vegetables. The overall risk
index for combined pesticides due to consumption of all
the vegetables was higher than 1, which signifies potential health risk to consumers. OPs were the major risk
contributor for both eggplant and tomatoes which
accounted for 87.78 and 95.84 %, respectively, of the
combined risk of pesticides in the vegetables. However,
OC with 97.94 % of the combined risk index was the
major risk contributor for the okra. The carcinogenic
risk of the OCs in okra was of no concern since their
carcinogenic rates were below the acceptable risk level. |
Description: | This article is published in Environ Monit Assess and also available at DOI 10.1007/s10661-015-4471-0 |
URI: | 10.1007/s10661-015-4471-0 http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/12347 |
Appears in Collections: | College of Science
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