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Title: | Patterns of Dietary Iron Intake, Iron Status, and Predictors of Haemoglobin Levels among Early Adolescents in a Rural Ghanaian District |
Authors: | Wiafe, Michael Akenteng Apprey, Charles Annan, Reginald Adjetey |
Issue Date: | 2020 |
Publisher: | Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism |
Citation: | Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, Volume 2020, Article ID 3183281, 10 pages; https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3183281 |
Abstract: | Early adolescents are vulnerable to anaemia due to lean body mass and menarche. *e study assessed patterns of
dietary iron intake, iron status, and predictors of anaemia among early adolescents. Method. One hundred and thirty-seven early
adolescents were randomly selected in a rural district in Ghana. Multiple-pass 24-hour recall, iron food frequency questionnaire
consisting of 27 food items, and semistructured questionnaire were administered. Variables include sociodemographics, dietary
factors, and laboratory investigation including haemoglobin, ferritin, and C-reactive protein examination. Statistical Package for
the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to calculate odds ratio and perform Mann–Whitney U test, chi-square (X2) test,
exploratory factor analysis, and partial correlation (r) tests. Results. Participants had mean age of 11.5 years. *ree iron dietary
patterns explaining 28.7% of the total variance were identified: iron dietary pattern 1 (11%) composed of iron-rich, iron-enhancing,
and iron-inhibiting foods; iron dietary pattern 2 (9.9%) comprised of iron-rich, iron-enhancing, and non-iron-inhibiting
foods; and iron dietary pattern 3 (7.1%) consisting of stinging nettle, iron-inhibiting foods, non-iron-enhancing foods, noncocoyam
leaves, and non-turkey berries. Meal skipping (X2 � 5.7, p < 0.05), times of eating a day (X2 �12.6, p < 0.05), and guardian
educational status (X2 � 6.7, p < 0.05) significantly affected dietary iron intake. Anaemia was associated with meal skipping
(β � 0.367, p > 0.05), snacking (β � 0.484, p > 0.05), and junior high school (JHS) education (β � 0.544, p > 0.05). Partial correlation
showed statistically significant relationship between iron dietary pattern 1 and dietary iron (r � −0.234, p < 0.01), iron
dietary pattern 2 and dietary iron (r � -0.198, p < 0.05), iron dietary pattern 2 and vitamin C (r � -0.201, p < 0.05), and haemoglobin
and ferritin (r � −0.178, p < 0.05). Conclusion. Meal skipping, guardian educational status, and number of times of
eating a day were significantly associated with dietary iron intake. Meal skipping, snacking, and adolescents with JHS education
were positively associated with anaemia. |
Description: | An article published in Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, Volume 2020, Article ID 3183281, 10 pages; https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3183281 |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/13438 |
Appears in Collections: | College of Science
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