Dietary patterns and type 2 diabetes among Ghanaian migrants in Europe and their compatriots in Ghana: the RODAM study
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Date
2018
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Springer Nature
Abstract
Background/objectives We aimed to study the associations of dietary patterns (DPs) with type 2 diabetes (T2D)
among Ghanaian adults.
Subjects/methods In the multi-centre, cross-sectional RODAM (Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African
Migrants) study (n = 4543), three overall DPs (“mixed”, “rice, pasta, meat and fish,” and “roots, tubers and plantain”) and
two site-specific DPs per study site (rural Ghana, urban Ghana and Europe) were identified by principal component
analysis. The DPs–T2D associations were calculated by logistic regression models.
Results Higher adherence to the “rice, pasta, meat and fish” DP (characterized by legumes, rice/pasta, meat, fish, cakes/
sweets, condiments) was associated with decreased odds of T2D, adjusted for socio-demographic factors, total energy
intake and adiposity measures (odds ratio (OR)per 1 SD = 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.70–0.92). Similar DPs and
T2D associations were discernible in urban Ghana and Europe. In the total study population, neither the “mixed” DP
(whole grain cereals, sweet spreads, dairy products, potatoes, vegetables, poultry, coffee/tea, sodas/juices, olive oil) nor
the “roots, tubers and plantain” DP (refined cereals, fruits, nuts/seeds, roots/tubers/plantain, fermented maize products,
legumes, palm oil, condiments) was associated with T2D. Yet, after the exclusion of individuals with self-reported T2D,
the “roots, tubers and plantain” DP was inversely associated with T2D (ORper 1 SD = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.69–1.12).
Conclusion In this Ghanaian population, DPs characterized by the intake of legumes, fish, meat and confectionery
were inversely associated with T2D. The effect of a traditional-oriented diet (typical staples, vegetables and legumes)
remains unclear.
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Citation
Galbete et al. Nutrition and Diabetes (2018) 8:25 DOI 10.1038/s41387-018-0029-x