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Title: | Two-hit in vitro T-Cell Stimulation Detection in QuantiFERON Negative Tuberculosis Patients and Healthy Contacts From Ghana |
Authors: | Phillips, Richard Odame Lundtoft, Christian Adankwah, Ernest Güler, Alptekin Franken, Kees L. M. C. Ottenhoff, Tom H. M. Mayatepek, Ertan Owusu-Dabo, Ellis Nausch, Norman Jacobsen, Marc |
Keywords: | CFP10 LTBI, tuberculosis, IGRA, Mycobacterium tuberculosis latency antigens, ESAT6, |
Issue Date: | 1-Apr-2019 |
Publisher: | Frontiers in Immunology |
Citation: | Frontiers in Immunology, 2019 |
Abstract: | Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The pathogen is transmitted
via aerosols from tuberculosis patients with cavernous disease
to close contacts (HCs), who have a high risk of becoming Mtb
infected. A minor subset of Mtb infected HCs will develop active
tuberculosis whereas the majority will control the pathogen by
immune surveillance and remain latently Mtb infected (LTBI)
(1). IFN-γ producing CD4+Thelper cells are central for protection
of LTBI against progression to active disease. Thelper cells induce
a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction against mycobacterial
antigens (i.e., Mtb purified protein derivative; PPD) and this
recall immune response forms the basis of the tuberculin skin
test (TST) for detection of previous Mtb infection. The TST test
has been used for more than a century to diagnose Mtb infection.
In several regions where tuberculosis is endemic the TST is still
applied but replacement by more specific immunological in vitro
tests (i.e., IFN-γ release assays, IGRAs) is ongoing (2). |
Description: | This article is published at Frontiers in Immunology, and also available at doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01518 |
URI: | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01518 http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/15240 |
Appears in Collections: | College of Health Sciences
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