Sources of capital for entrepreneurial development in Ghana

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Date
1996-07-14
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Introduction : Business venture of any form such as trading, services or manufacturing employs various resources in different quantities to achieve its objectives. These resources are generally made up of land, labour and capital. Whilst some of these, namely land and labour, may be seen to be relatively stable in their application to any production, the same cannot be said of capital resource, which is of more volatile nature and therefore calls for efficient planning in its generation and management. Capital in the normal business language, comprises the physical money and all forms of credit that are needed to either start up a new business or sustain the growth of an existing enterprise. Perhaps one may further look at capital to include all the physical assets of a business as well as the intangible assets such as the firm’s securities, goodwill, patent rights and other form of claims to wealth held by the firm.’ Capital used for business enterprise can also be classified according to the length of period for which they will be utilised. Firms employ the use of assets which range from premise, equipment, and others which are also used over and over for a long period in the manufacture of products or provision of services. This form of capital is known as long-term capital. Secondly, certain business operations may require funds not for a period as long as mentioned above. These funds would usually be needed to meet expenditures which may not stretch beyond a period of ten years. Capital of this nature is termed medium-term capital.2 The last category of capital is referred to as short-term capital, and is mostly used to meet expenditures covering a period of up to about two years3, particularly to meet the cost of operating the enterprise and other recurrent expenditure, creating a form of revolving fund. For the purpose of this study, the scope of capital would exclude the forms such as goodwill and patent rights and concentrate on money, forms of credit and the physical assets of equipment and machinery. The rest of the chapters will take turns to discuss the various sources that an entrepreneur could obtain his needed funds to meet his business requirements.
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A thesis submitted to the Board of Postgraduate Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of Postgraduate Diploma in Industrial management, 1996
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