The application of Nnsupa system and sea sand for the treatment of factory effluents and surface water

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2007-09-11
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Samples of wastewater were analysed before and after filtration with, sea sand filter (SSF), Nnsupa filter (NP) and sea sand filter in tandem with the nnsupa filter (SSNF). The analyses were carried out using Atomic Absorption spectrophotometric technique for levels of copper, zinc, manganese, lead, nickel, iron, cadmium and chromium. Colorimetric, Titrimetric and Gravimetric methods were also used for the other physico-chemical parameters listed as follows pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, Biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate and bacteria. Also, particle size distribution test was done on the ceramic filter to ascertain the percentage composition of the ceramic materials as well as the sea sand used in the filter. The retention time and the flow rates of the filters were also determined. A summary of the percentage removal of the metals and the physico-chemical parameters revealed that the percentage removal in the SSNF and NP filter is better than in the SSF. This was based on the flow rate as well as the retention times of the filters.
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A thesis submitted to the Board of Postgraduate Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of Science in Environmental Chemistry, 2007
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