Tobacco consumption and non-communicable diseases in Ghana; Identifying accentuating factors and further evidence from 2014 Ghana demographic and health survey
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2023
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Abstract
Background: Non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, strokes, cancers
and chronic kidney conditions have caused disabilities and negatively impacted on eco nomic
development. While greater efforts of controlling these non-communicable diseases are clinically
motivated, the non-clinical factors such as behavioural lifestyle and the as sociated accentuating
factors have not been given due attention. It has been established elsewhere that, tobacco use
which is a risk factor for non-communicable diseases occur rence is influenced by individual’s
residential status, educational status, occupational sta tus, income level and access to media projections.
This study therefore sought to identify associations between accentuating factors and tobacco use and
its implications for the oc currence of non-communicable diseases prevalent in Ghana.
Methods: This was a mixed method study involving in part, use of secondary data from
the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2014 with a sample of 4,122 respondents and
primary qualitative interviews of 32 respondents respectively, from 4 Regions of Ghana.
Descriptive statistics, probit regression and content thematic analysis were used for data
analysis for both the quantitative and qualitative arms respectively.
Results: The study found that, there was statistically significant association between
ed ucational status and tobacco use [X2 (5, 4,123)=164.5619; p = 0.000], income levels and
tobacco use [X2 (7, 4,123)=68.5615; p = 0.001), occupational status and tobacco use [X2
(8, 4,123)=195.6919; p = 0.000], residential status and tobacco [X2 (3, 4,134) = 82.7824;
p = 0.000)] and finally, access to mass media and tobacco use [X2 (2, 4,134)= 1.2352,
p = 0.009]. Again, the regression result shows that, the accentuating factors determine
about 51% (50.579) of the tobacco use by individuals in the relation [R2 = 0.305, F(17,
4,077) = 50.579, p = 0.000]. Moreover, 62.4 percent of females were less likely to smoke
Description
This article is published by Elsevier and is also available at 10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01665
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Scientific African 20 (2023) e01665