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Institutional Repository of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
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Conference Proceedings This Community features the proceedings of conferences hosted by the KNUST or other bodies but had staff from KNUST attending and making presentationsJournal of Science and Technology (JUST) Research Articles from the members of KNUST submitted to the JUSTKumasi Center for Collaborative Research (KCCR) Research Articles Speeches A collection of speeches delivered by the Vice Chancellors and Official visitors to the KNUST
Recent Submissions
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The use of social media among first-year student groups: A uses and gratifications perspective
(Research Institute for Knowledge Content Development & Technology, 2021-06) Owusu-Ansah, Christopher M.; Arthur, Beatrice; Yebowaah, Franklina Adjoa; Amoako, Kwabena; 0000-0002-3841-7413
The purpose of the study was to explore the uses and gratification
of social media among first-year student groups at a satellite campus
of a public university in Ghana. The study employed a descriptive survey
design. The study involved all 1061 first-year university students in
six academic departments of the College. A total of 680 (64%) participants
returned validly completed copies of the questionnaire. Descriptive
statistics and thematic analysis were employed for data analysis. The
findings indicate that WhatsApp was the most popular application for
social media groups, while a need for information-sharing, peer-tutoring
and learning, and finding and keeping friends were the primary motivations
for joining social media groups. First-year students are involved mainly
in reactive activities, as most engage when solving an academic assignment
through group discussions. Though challenges persist, such as posting
of unwanted images, inadequate participation, and ineffective and
irrelevant communication, most are willing to continue their social media
groups' membership in the long term. This study provides valuable insight
into transitioning students' lived experiences on social media from the
group perspective. These insights are valuable conceptually and practically
to academic counsellors, librarians and student affairs officers who are
expected to provide on-going education on (social) media literacy to
first-year students to enhance the adjustment process. The study is the
first of its kind in Ghana that investigates social media group participants'
exit intentions.
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Sexual and reproductive rights violations at sexual debut of male and female adolescents in Ghana
(International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2020) Morhe, Renee A. S.; Avle, Theodocia Doe; Morhe, Emmanuel S. K.; 0000-0002-8750-9904
Objective: To examine the social and ethical challenges in enforcing sexual and reproductive rights of male and female adolescents abused at sexual debut in Ghana.
Methodology: This was a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data on 278 sexually experienced male and female teenagers from 12 communities selected by cluster random sampling in the Ejisu-Juben district. We extracted relevant data from a 2009 academic thesis project involving 481 respondents. We assessed differences between sexual debut experiences of males and females using Pearson's chi-square and ANOVA tests. P-values ≤0.05 were considered significant.
Results: Mean ages at sexual debut for males and females were 16.05 ± 1.8 and 15.98 ± 1.47 years respectively (P=0.719). Adolescents of both sexes experienced defilement and forced sexual debut; similar proportions had early sexual debut. Females who had early sexual debut were more likely than their older counterparts to have low educational attainment and induced abortion.
Conclusions: Many male and female adolescents experience sexual and reproductive rights breaches at sexual debut. Prevailing circumstances hinder optimization of sexual and reproductive rights of juveniles in Ghana. We recommend making clear provisions for young persons in the law on sexual offences in the criminal code to facilitate development of interventions to improve access to justice for offenders and victims.
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Attitudes and knowledge about HPV vaccination among Ghanaian women with cervical cancer
(Reproductive, Female and Child Health, 2023) Zurales, Katherine R.; Appiah-Kubi, Adu; Bell, Sarah G.; Konney, Thomas; Tawiah, Augustine; Kobernik, Emily K.; Lawrence, Emma R.; 0000-0001-6482-738X
Objective: To explore knowledge about the human papillomavirus (HPV), HPV vaccination, barriers to vaccination and acceptance of the HPV vaccine in the
highest‐risk and most‐impacted population in Ghana.
Methods: A survey was administered to 100 women with histologically confirmed cervical cancer at a teaching hospital in Ghana.
Results: Participants had a mean age of 59 (±14.3) years, 65.0% had a parity of five or higher and 89.0% had a monthly income less than 500 Ghana cedis ($63 USD). Seventy‐nine percent of participants had a diagnosis of stage III or greater cervical cancer. Only 8.0% had heard of HPV and 4.0% knew that HPV caused cervical cancer. Fifty‐five percent had not heard of vaccines, in general; of the remainder, the majority endorsed that vaccines, in general, were effective (89.0%) and safe (95.0%). No participants had received the HPV vaccine. After a brief education session, 94% believed the HPV vaccine was effective and 65.0% were categorised as having ‘high vaccine acceptance’ after responding ‘definitely yes’ to recommending the HPV vaccine to female relatives, male relatives and the community. There were no significant differences in demographic variables or cervical cancer disease characteristics between the ‘high vaccine acceptance’ and ‘some vaccine hesitancy’ groups.
Conclusion: Although women with cervical cancer in Ghana have low awareness of HPV and HPV vaccination, they demonstrate high vaccine acceptability and low hesitancy.
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African Ancestry–Associated Gene Expression Profiles in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Underlie Altered Tumor Biology and Clinical Outcome in Women of African Descent
(Cancer Discovery, 2022-11) Martini, Rachel; Delpe, Princesca; Chu, Timothy R.; Arora, Kanika; Brittany, Lord; Aitpillar, Francis S.; et.al....
Women of sub-Saharan African descent have disproportionately higher incidence of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and TNBC-specific mortality across all populations. Population studies show racial differences in TNBC biology, including higher prevalence of basal-like and quadruple-negative subtypes in African Americans (AA). However, previous investigations relied on self-reported race (SRR) of primarily U.S. populations. Due to heterogeneous genetic admixture and biological consequences of social determinants, the true association of African ancestry with TNBC biology is unclear. To address this, we conducted RNA sequencing on an international cohort of AAs, as well as West and East Africans with TNBC. Using comprehensive genetic ancestry estimation
in this African-enriched cohort, we found expression of 613 genes associated with African ancestry and 2,000+ associated with regional African ancestry. A subset of African-associated genes also showed differences in normal breast tissue. Pathway enrichment and deconvolution of tumor cellular composition revealed that tumor-associated immunologic profiles are distinct in patients of African descent.
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Navigating taxpayers attitude: Exploring support for urban sanitation surcharge in Kumasi
(Sage, 2024) Oduro, Charles Yaw; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8213-6926
Background:
Urban sanitation challenges persist in Ghana, prompting Metropolitan, Municipal, and District Assemblies (MMDAs) to explore innovative funding mechanisms such as surcharges to fund sanitation services. This study assesses property owners’ attitudes toward the imposition of sanitation surcharge for pro-poor sanitation improvement in the Kumasi Metropolis.
Method:
An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 424 property owners in the Kumasi metropolis. Structured questionnaires were utilized to solicit information from respondents using multi-stage sampling techniques.
Results:
Findings indicated that 36.1% of respondents were willing to pay the sanitation surcharge, while 63.9% opposed its implementation in the Metropolis. Property ownership and support for a sanitation surcharge were associated with higher odds of willingness to pay. Participants paying property rates had decreased odds of supporting the sanitation surcharge. Factors associated with pro-poor spending support included age (61-80 years) [AOR = 1.81, 95%CI = 1.60-3.82] and willingness to pay sanitation surcharge [AOR = 11.07, 95%CI = 6.63-18.49]. Protective factors against supporting pro-poor spending included residing in medium-class communities [AOR = 0.25, 95%CI = 0.08-0.81], perceiving improvement in sanitation status [AOR = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.21-0.81) and having a home toilet facility (OR = 0.65, 95%CI = 0.36-0.95).
Conclusion:
The study revealed a nuanced landscape where concerns about fund utilization, perceived tax burdens, and trust in local institutions significantly shape public sentiment. To enhance public acceptance and participation, policymakers should prioritize transparent communication to build trust and convey the effective utilization of funds from the sanitation surcharge.
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Navigating taxpayers attitude: Exploring support for urban sanitation surcharge in Kumasi
(Sage, 2024) Oduro, Charles Yaw; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8213-6926
Background:
Urban sanitation challenges persist in Ghana, prompting Metropolitan, Municipal, and District Assemblies (MMDAs) to explore innovative funding mechanisms such as surcharges to fund sanitation services. This study assesses property owners’ attitudes toward the imposition of sanitation surcharge for pro-poor sanitation improvement in the Kumasi Metropolis.
Method:
An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 424 property owners in the Kumasi metropolis. Structured questionnaires were utilized to solicit information from respondents using multi-stage sampling techniques.
Results:
Findings indicated that 36.1% of respondents were willing to pay the sanitation surcharge, while 63.9% opposed its implementation in the Metropolis. Property ownership and support for a sanitation surcharge were associated with higher odds of willingness to pay. Participants paying property rates had decreased odds of supporting the sanitation surcharge. Factors associated with pro-poor spending support included age (61-80 years) [AOR = 1.81, 95%CI = 1.60-3.82] and willingness to pay sanitation surcharge [AOR = 11.07, 95%CI = 6.63-18.49]. Protective factors against supporting pro-poor spending included residing in medium-class communities [AOR = 0.25, 95%CI = 0.08-0.81], perceiving improvement in sanitation status [AOR = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.21-0.81) and having a home toilet facility (OR = 0.65, 95%CI = 0.36-0.95).
Conclusion:
The study revealed a nuanced landscape where concerns about fund utilization, perceived tax burdens, and trust in local institutions significantly shape public sentiment. To enhance public acceptance and participation, policymakers should prioritize transparent communication to build trust and convey the effective utilization of funds from the sanitation surcharge.
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Brexit: some implications for African higher education
(Taylor and Francis, 2019) Swanzy, Patrick; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6201-7703
This article considers how the decisions of the UK government, following the Brexit referendum, may impact on higher education in Africa. Ghana and South Africa are the two countries chosen to exemplify the claim that academic staff in African higher education will lose opportunities to acquire experience in British universities. Academic mobility between Africa and the UK is expected to fall significantly following Brexit.