Browsing by Author "Addae, Hammond Yaw"

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    Dietary diversity and nutrient adequacy among women in Bosomtwe District, Ghana
    (Maternal & Child Nutrition, 2024) Apprey, Charles; Addae, Hammond Yaw; Boateng, Grace; Aduku, Linda Esi; Annan, Reginald A.; 0000-0002-4071-5049
    The sustainable development goals seek to end all forms of malnutrition of women of reproductive age (WRA) by 2030. As such, recent data on nutrient adequacy are needed to aid in tracking progress. However, data on specific dietary nutrient intakes includes only iron, folate, vitamin A, and vitamin B12 in Ghana. Therefore, women's dietary diversity score (W‐DDS) is often used as a proxy measure of nutrient adequacy. It is hypothesised that there is no association between W‐DDS and Nutrient Adequacy among WRA in peri‐urban Ghana. Hence, this research evaluated the associations between W‐DDS and nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and assessed the determinants of mean nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR) in the Bosomtwe District of Ghana. A community‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted, and data collected on anthropometry, food insecurity, socio‐demographic characteristics and dietary intake using the 24‐hour recall from 407 WRA. In all, 21 nutrients were assessed. The mean age, W‐DDS, and MAR were 29.0 ± 6.7 years, 5.3 ± 1.9, and 0.65 ± 0.19 respectively. The NAR were generally high for the macronutrients as compared to micronutrients and the nutrients with low NAR included vitamin C (0.27 ± 0.19), vitamin A (0.15 ± 0.23), vitamin B12 (0.54 ± 0.32), calcium (0.28 ± 0.20), zinc (0.52 ± 0.23) and iron (0.57 ± 0.28) ‐ signifying the WRA may be consuming monotonous carbohydrate‐based diet. The hierarchical multivariable linear regression found a significant association between W‐DDS and MAR after controlling for confounders (β = 0.404, p < 0.001). The determinants of MAR were ethnicity (β = 0.110, p = 0.006) and body mass index (β = 0.189, p < 0.001). This study supports the use of W‐DDS as a proxy indicator of nutrient adequacy. Strategies meant to address nutrient inadequacies should be adaptable to different ethnic groups and overweight‐reducing strategies should be incorporated into broader nutrition initiatives.
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    Dietary diversity and opportunistic infections among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus on antiretroviral therapy in Kumasi metropolis; a facility-based cross-sectional study
    (BMC Infectious Diseases, 2025) Apprey, Charles; Addae, Hammond Yaw; Osei, Monica; Danquah, Irene; Annan, Reginald A.; 0000-0002-4071-5049
    Background: Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) continue to face heightened susceptibility to opportunistic infections (OIs). Adequate nutrition remains an essential factor that positively influences disease progression and the occurrence of OIs. In Ghana, no study has evaluated the association between dietary diversity and OI occurrence among adults with HIV. This study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary diversity and the presence of OIs among HIV-positive adults receiving ART. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 291 HIV-positive adults receiving ART from February 2023 to April 2023 at Kumasi South Hospital, Ghana. The study participants were selected using a convenient sampling method. A pre-tested questionnaire and review of electronic health records were used to collect sociodemographic, nutritional and clinical data. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify variables significantly associated with the study outcome and hierarchical multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between dietary diversity and the occurrence of OIs while controlling for confounders at p-value<0.05. Results: The mean age and dietary diversity were 46.2±10.9 years and 4.0 (IQR: 3.0 to 6.0) food groups, respectively. Out of 291 respondents, 152 (52.2%) had inadequate dietary diversity and 39 (13.4%) had at least one OI. The respondents with inadequate dietary diversity were three times more likely to have an OI than their peers with adequate dietary diversity [AOR 3.03, (95% CI: 1.20 to 7.64), p=0.019]. Conclusion This study revealed that inadequate dietary diversity is a significant nutritional problem and dietary diversity was associated with the presence of OIs among PLWHA on ART at the study site. Hence, there is the need to enhance the intake of diversified diets based on locally available foods. This could decrease the occurrence of OIs and eventually reduce HIV-related morbidity/mortality.
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    Gut Microbiome-Targeted Nutrition Interventions and Growth among Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    (Current Developments in Nutrition, 2024-03) Addae, Hammond Yaw; Apprey, Charles; Kwarteng, Alexander; 0000-0002-0174-6862; 0000-0002-4071-5049; 0000-0002-0893-2908
    Background: Childhood malnutrition is a public health challenge of much interest and concern globally. However, a perturbed gut microbiome (GM) may limit some nutrition interventions’ effects among healthy children with undernutrition. Objectives: This review aimed to evaluate the effects of GM-targeted nutrition interventions on growth outcomes among children (0–59 mo) using published studies in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: The methods were guided by the Cochrane methodology. The literature search was conducted to include articles published from inception to July 2023 in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Databases. We identified and included 35 studies among 11,047 children. The analysis was conducted considering various growth parameters in the qualitative synthesis and weight gain (kg) in the meta-analysis. Results: In the qualitative synthesis, 55.6% of prebiotics, 66.7% of probiotics, 71.4% of synbiotics, and 28.6% of “microbiome complementary feed” studies had significant effects on growth outcomes. Also, prebiotics had more studies with significant effects among healthy children, whereas probiotics, synbiotics, and “microbiome complementary feeds” had more studies with significant effects among children with undernutrition. Nineteen studies were included in the meta-analyses, of which 7 (36.8%) measured GM outcomes. The meta-analysis showed that prebiotics exhibited heterogeneity but had significant effects on weight in the intervention as compared with the control (mean difference [MD]: 0.14 kg; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.25; I2 ¼ 63%, P ¼ 0.02; 4 studies, n ¼ 932). Probiotics had significant effects on weight in the intervention (MD: 0.15 kg; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.25; I2 ¼ 42%, P ¼ 0.05; 8 studies, n ¼ 2437) as compared to the control. However, synbiotics (MD: 0.26 kg; 95% CI: –0.04, 0.56; I2 ¼ 41%, P ¼ 0.17; 4 studies, n ¼ 1896] and “microbiome complementary feed” (MD: –0.03 kg; 95% CI: –0.18, 0.11; I2 ¼ 0%, P ¼ 0.60; 3 studies, n ¼ 733] had no significant effects on weight in the intervention as compared with control. Conclusions: Although probiotics and synbiotics may be effective at enhancing growth among children, the selection of interventions should be contingent upon health status