Prevalence of salmonella Infections in Patients Attending St. Dominic Hospital, (Akwatia)-Eastern Region
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Date
2014-07-30
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Abstract
The St. Dominic hospital in Akwatia reports high Salmonella infection with the source of
these infections unknown. The prevailing Salmonellae species and their antimicrobial
susceptibility pattern are not known. It is also not known if the Salmonellae there produce
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL). This study therefore investigated the
prevalence of Salmonella serotypes isolated from both clinical and water samples in
Akwatia. Four hundred and sixty four (464) samples comprising 270 Stool and 194 Blood
samples were collected from patients attending the St. Dominic Hospital in Akwatia. One
hundred and eighty eight (188) water samples were also cultured for Salmonella.
Prevalence of Salmonella was 11.6% (54/464) for the clinical samples tested and 2.7%
(5/188) for the water samples. Out of the 54 clinical isolates, 31.4% (16/54) were
typhoidal Salmonellae while 68.6% (38/54) were non-typhoidal Salmonellae. Salmonella
Typhi recording 20.4% (11/54) was the most frequently encountered typhoidal isolate
while S. Enterica, 29.6% (16/54) followed by Salmonella Typhimurium 24.1% (13/54)
were predominant among the non typhoidal isolates. Abdominal pain and fever were the
most common patient complaints. The water samples tested had bacterial count of 2.56
x103-1.2 x 1013 per millilitre. Salmonella were isolated from 9.4% (5/188) of the water
samples collected. The Salmonella isolates had high proportions resistant to ampicillin
69.5% (41/59), piperacillin 69.5% (41/59) and Trimethoprim- Sulfamethoxaxole 76.3%
(45/59). All the Salmonella isolates were, however, susceptible to cefoxitin (100%),
cefotaxime (100%), cefepime (100%), Imipenem (100%), meropenem (100%) and
amikacin (100%). No isolate was found to be resistant to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin.
Varying resistance patterns were observed with the other antibiotics. No strain was found
to produce ESBL. Salmonella infection can be acquired from the well water. The use of
cephalosporins, quinolones, carbapenems and amikacin are recommended as the drug of
choice for both typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonellosis.
Description
A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of Master of Science degree, January-2014