The acute toxicity of karate, dursban and actellic to Heterobranchus Bidorsalis (Geoffrey St. Hilaire) Tiliapia Zillii (Gervais), Oreochromis Niloticus (Linn) and Sarotherodon Galilaeus (Artedi)
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Date
1995
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Abstract
The acute toxicity of Karate, Dursban and Actellic to Heterobranchus bidorsalis, Tilapia zillii, Oreochromis niloticus and Sarotherodon galilaeus was investigated by the static method for 96 hours. The 96-hour LC50 values obtained for Karate, Dursban and Actellic to Heterobrancbus bidorsalis and Tilapia zillii showed that Karate is the most toxic to the two species of fish. This is followed by Dursban while Actellic is the least toxic. For Oreochromis niloticus, the 96 hour LC50 values obtained indicated that Dursban is more toxic than Karate. The 96 hour LC50 values obtained with Karate to the various fish species showed Heterobranchus bidorsalis to be the least resistant of the four species. Sarotherodon galilaeus came next, followed by Tilapia zillii with Oreochromis niloticus being the most resistant. Actellic was shown to be more toxic to Tilapia zillii than it is to Heterobranchus bidorsalis. For Dursban, Oreochromis niloticus was the least resistant followed by Heterobranchus bidorsalis while Tilapia zillii was the most resistant.
The 96-hour LC50 values obtained for the acute toxicity tests for Karate using Heterobranchus bidorsalis, Tilapia zilhii, Oreochromis niloticus and Sarotherodon galilaeus were 0.006±0.001mg/l, 0.020±0.017mg/l, 0.040±0.032mg/l and 0.016±0.008mg/l respectively.
For Actellic, the LC50s obtained using Heterobranchus bidorsalis and Tilapia zillii were
1.250±0.833mg/i and 0.700±0.250mg/l respectively. The values obtained for Dursban using Heterobranchus bidorsalis, Tilapia zillii, and Oreochromis niloticus were 0.270±0.l7Omg/l, 0.280±0.088mg/l and 0.040±0.019mg/l respectively.
The percentage mortality of the species of fish used was directly proportional to increasing concentration and time. The plot of median mortality times against concentration on a semi- log paper produced curves which were asymptotic to the LC50s of Karate with Tilapia zillii, Dursban with Oreochromis niloticus and Actellic with Heterobranchus bidorsalis. This is an indication that Karate, Dursban and Actellic are not acutely toxic to Tilapia zillii, Oreochromis niloticus and Heterobranchus bidorsalis respectively at infinite dilution.
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A thesis submitted to the Board of Postgraduate Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of Philosophy in Environmental Chemistry.