Modelling the Transmission Dynamics of Meningitis among High and Low-Risk People in Ghana with Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

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dc.contributor.authorReindorf, Nartey Borkor
dc.contributor.authorOpoku, Nicholas Kwasi-Do Ohene
dc.contributor.authorAdu, Andrews Frimpong
dc.contributor.authorNyarko, Hannah Nyarkoah
dc.contributor.authorDoughan, Albert
dc.contributor.authorAppiah, Edwin Moses
dc.contributor.authorYakubu, Biigba
dc.contributor.authorMensah, Isabel
dc.contributor.authorSalifu, Samson Pandam
dc.contributor.orcid0000-0002-5721-4638
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-14T09:57:52Z
dc.date.available2025-01-14T09:57:52Z
dc.date.issued2022-11-21
dc.descriptionThis article is published by Hindawi 2022 and is also available at https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9084283
dc.description.abstractMeningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, which covers the brain and spinal cord. Every year, most individuals within sub- Saharan Africa suffer from meningococcal meningitis. Moreover, tens of thousands of these cases result in death, especially during major epidemics. The transmission dynamics of the disease keep changing, according to health practitioners. The goal of this study is to exploit robust mechanisms to manage and prevent the disease at a minimal cost due to its public health implications. A significant concern found to aid in the transmission of meningitis disease is the movement and interaction of individuals from low-risk to high-risk zones during the outbreak season. Thus, this article develops a mathematical model that ascertains the dynamics involved in meningitis transmissions by partitioning individuals into low- and high-risk susceptible groups. After computing the basic reproduction number, the model is shown to exhibit a unique local asymptotically stability at the meningitisfree equilibrium E†, when the effective reproduction number R0 < 1, and the existence of two endemic equilibria for which R†0 < R0 < 1 and exhibits the phenomenon of backward bifurcation, which shows the difficulty of relying only on the reproduction number to control the disease. The effective reproductive number estimated in real time using the exponential growth method affirmed that the number of secondary meningitis infections will continue to increase without any intervention or policies. To find the best strategy for minimizing the number of carriers and infected individuals, we reformulated the model into an optimal control model using Pontryagin’s maximum principles with intervention measures such as vaccination, treatment, and personal protection. Although Ghana’s most preferred meningitis intervention method is via treatment, the model’s simulations demonstrated that the best strategy to control meningitis is to combine vaccination with treatment. But the cost-effectiveness analysis results show that vaccination and treatment are among the most expensive measures to implement. For that reason, personal protection which is the most cost-effective measure needs to be encouraged, especially among individuals migrating from low- to high-risk meningitis belts.
dc.description.sponsorshipKNUST
dc.identifier.citationHindawi Abstract and Applied Analysis Volume 2022, Article ID 9084283, 24 pages
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9084283
dc.identifier.urihttps://ir.knust.edu.gh/handle/123456789/16069
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherHindawi
dc.titleModelling the Transmission Dynamics of Meningitis among High and Low-Risk People in Ghana with Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
dc.typeArticle
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