Extent of illicit cigarette market from single stick sales in Ghana: findings from a cross-sectional survey

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dc.contributor.authorGallagher Allen
dc.contributor.authorRoss Hana
dc.contributor.authorOwusu-Dabo Ellis
dc.contributor.authorGilmore Anna
dc.contributor.authorBauld Linda....et al
dc.date.accessioned2023-12-05T13:44:37Z
dc.date.available2023-12-05T13:44:37Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.descriptionThis article is published by Open Access and is also available at http://bmjopen.bmj.com/
dc.description.abstractObjective This study aims to measure the extent of illicit cigarette consumption from single stick sales, to determine the nature and types of illicit cigarettes present in Ghana, and to identify the factors associated with illicit cigarette consumption in Ghana. Design A cross-sectional study using empty cigarette packs generated by 1 day’s single stick cigarette sales collected from cigarette vendors. Setting Five large cities (Accra, Kumasi, Takoradi, Tamale and Bolgatanga) and three border towns (Aflao, Paga/ Hamele and Elubo) in the northern, middle and coastal belt of Ghana. Procedure and participants Ten areas were randomly selected in each city/town, and all shops selling cigarettes within 1 km of the central point were surveyed. Outcome measures (1) Estimates of the share of illicit cigarette packs in the total cigarette sales from vendors selling single stick cigarettes in Ghana; (2) nature and types of illicit cigarette packs; (3) factors associated with illicit cigarette sales in Ghana. Results Of a total of 4461 packs, about 20% (95% CI 18.3 to 20.7) were found to be illicit. Aflao (Ghana-Togo border) and Tamale (Ghana-Burkina Faso border) had the highest percentage of illicit cigarette sales at 99% and 46%, respectively (p<0.001). Over half of the illicit packs originated from Togo (51%), followed by Nigeria (15%) and then Cote d’Ivoire (10%). Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models indicated that convenience stores, border towns, pack price and the northern zone had higher odds of illicit cigarette sales. Conclusion To effectively tackle illicit cigarettes, market surveillance and strengthening supply chain control are required, particularly at the border towns and the northern region of the country
dc.description.sponsorshipKNUST
dc.identifier.citationSingh A, Ross H, Dobbie F, et al. Extent of illicit cigarette market from single stick sales in Ghana: findings from a cross sectional survey. BMJ Open 2023;13:e062476. doi:10.1136/ bmjopen-2022-062476
dc.identifier.uri10.1136/ bmjopen-2022-062476
dc.identifier.urihttps://ir.knust.edu.gh/handle/123456789/14620
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherOpen Access
dc.titleExtent of illicit cigarette market from single stick sales in Ghana: findings from a cross-sectional survey
dc.typeArticle
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