Water quality of some branded sachet water sold in wa municipality of the Upper West region, Ghana
| dc.contributor.author | Deo-Anyi Eledi James | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-02-04T12:57:07Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-02-04T12:57:07Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2019-02 | |
| dc.description | A thesis submitted to she department of theoretical and applied biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, Environmental Science | |
| dc.description.abstract | The importance of water cannot be underestimated, similarly its quality. As such the World Health Organization (WHO) has come out with guidelines to monitor water quality. There is complexity and debate that water cannot be set to be pure regardless of its treatment methods unless it is tested for the concentration of contaminants. From that perspective, the study tested the water quality of six (6) branded sachet water in the Wa municipality on, physico-chemical, nutrient, heavy metals and microbial parameters. Samples of the sachet water brands were collected within a three month period, and transported on ice to the laboratory. The samples were analysed at the KNUST Chemical and microbiological laboratories respectively using a potable PC 300 Water proof Hand held meter to measure pH, conductivity and TDS. Standard EDTA titrimetric and Spectrophotometric methods were also used to measure other chemical, nutrient and heavy metal parameters such as sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, carbonates, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, total iron and lead. The MPN method was used to measure the microbiological parameters such as Total coliform, Faecal coliforms and Escherichia coli while Membrane Filter method was used to measure Salmonella typhi. The results showed that the brands of sachet water tested recorded high concentrations of Total and Faecal coliforms above the WHO recommended guideline of (0.00cfu/100ml) and the correlation co-efficient was very strong (co-efficient = 0.9901) between the microbiological indicators. Physico-chemical parameter results showed low concentrations well below the WHO standard except for potassium and carbonate ions. For heavy metal parameters Iron (Fe) concentration was below the 0.30mg/l standard mark, while Lead (Pb) exceeded the 0.01mg/l guideline mark proposed by WHO. In conclusion, all the sachet water analyzed recorded high microbial concentrations above the WHO recommended level and for that matter the sachet water brands may not be wholesome for domestic consumption. | |
| dc.description.sponsorship | KNUST | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://ir.knust.edu.gh/handle/123456789/17606 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.publisher | KNUST | |
| dc.title | Water quality of some branded sachet water sold in wa municipality of the Upper West region, Ghana | |
| dc.type | Thesis |