Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of the Leaf and Fruit Essential Oils of the West African Plum, Vitex doniana
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Date
2023
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Journal of Chemistry
Abstract
Vitex doniana (West African plum or black plum) is a plant with varying phytoconstituents and biological activities across different countries. In this study, essential oils extracted from the leaves and fruits of Vitex doniana cultivated in Ghana were investigated for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. -e antioxidant actions of the essential oils were determined using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), phosphomolybdenum, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. For both essential oils, the total antioxidant capacities ranged from 44 to 68 µg/g AAE, the IC50 values for H2O2 scavenging activity were between 87 and 242 µg/mL, whereas that for DPPH assay were between 322 and 599 µg/mL. -e IC50 for the TBARS assay for both essential oils also ranged from 247 to 414 µg/mL. -e antimicrobial activities of the essential oils were investigated using the broth dilution assay. -e minimum inhibition concentration for the essential oils ranged from 12.5 to 50 mg/mL. BioClm inhibitory activity was also evaluated for both essential oils, and the fruit essential oil showed a half-maximal inhibition of bioClm formation (BIC50) at 44.40±0.6 mg/mL, whereas the BIC50 value of the leaf essential oil was 109.1±0.9 mg/mL. -e fruit essential oil was superior to the leaf essential oil in inhibiting the secretion of pyoverdine. Molecular docking analyses suggested that methyl cinnamate, ethyl cinnamate, p-menth-4-en-3-one, trans-α-ionone, benzyl benzoate, isobutyl cinnamate, and folic acid likely interacted with LasR and algC proteins, and hence, contributed to the inhibition of bioClm formation and pyoverdine secretion. Essential oils from Vitex doniana could, therefore, be exploited as a natural source of radical scavenging and antimicrobial agents and could be useful in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.
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This article was published by the Journal of Chemistry.
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Journal of Chemistry Volume 2023, Article ID 9959296, 18 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9959296