Risk of Exposure to Trace Elements through the Application of Facial Makeup Powders
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Date
2022
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Publisher
Hindawi
Abstract
e study aimed to ascertain the levels of trace elements present in the face powders marketed in Ghana. Fifteen di erent brands of
facial makeup powders were purchased from a local market in Ghana. e samples were analyzed using an X-ray uorescence
(XRF) analyzer to determine the concentrations of 16 elements (Pb, As, Hg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ti, Cu, Ni, Co, Sb, Cd, Ag, Sn, and Au).
e contents of the trace elements were ordered in the following descending order according to the maximum concentrations:
Fe > Zn > Ti > Mn >Cr > Hg >As > Pb >Cu, Ni, Co, Sb, Cd, Ag, Sn, and Au. Pearson correlation statistics showed strong positive
relationships between Pb and Zn (r 0.71), Pb and Cr (r 0.57), Hg and Zn (r 0.63), Hg and Fe (r 0.73), Hg and Cr (r 0.61),
Zn and Fe (r 0.69), Zn and Cr (r 0.88), Fe and Cr (r 0.67), and Fe and Ti (r 0.62). Except for Pb and Cr, all the other elements
had their margin of safety (MOS) values less than 100. e hazard indices (HIs) for Pb, Mn, Cr, and Ti were less than 1, indicating
no risk. However, the HIs for As, Hg, Zn, and Fe were more than 1, indicating a potential risk of usage in adults. As a result, using
face powders could put users at risk of exposure to trace elements. Dermal exposure to trace elements from cosmetics resulted in a
lifetime cancer risk (LCR) that was higher than what was considered tolerable (LCR >10−6
) due to the presence of Pb, As, and Cr.
Mercury was identi ed as a potential skin sensitizer in the cosmetic samples examined by an exposure-based sensitization
quantitative risk assessment (SQRA)
Description
This article already published by Hindwa, 2022 and is also available at https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9229134
Keywords
Citation
Journal of Chemistry Volume 2022, A